Renal Impairment Detectors: IGFBP-7 and NGAL as Tubular Injury Markers in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Background and Objectives: Urine insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 duospiritalis.com (IGFBP-7), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) monomer are novel tubular kidney injury biomarkers.In multiple myeloma (MM), immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) play an integra